Billed as the “Maple Sugar Capital of the World†on its website, the city of St. Albans, Vermont, is nestled in a valley between the Green Mountains and Lake Champlain, through which the U.S.-Canadian border runs. When family historians first hear about the records of St. Albans’ District Border Crossings, they might think it an obscure collection of records from that border town, but in fact, the St. Albans District encompassed most of the U.S.-Canadian border. This past week Ancestry released a new collection of 4 million records which contains border crossing records from the St. Albans District.
You can see a list of the ports included in this release in the database description. Ancestry will be posting more U.S.-Canadian border-crossing records in the future as well.
Where Are the Early Years?
Since many of our ancestors came to the U.S. through Canada in years prior to 1895, it would be great if this database included earlier records. I know of at least one of my families (those famous Kellys) made their way to the U.S. via Halifax. Unfortunately, until 1894, records of immigration through Canada to the U.S. weren’t recorded. In fact, this actually added to the appeal as many immigrants avoided immigration screening and hassles by choosing the Canadian route. In 1895 the U.S. government closed this loophole by requiring Canadian steamships and railroads to complete manifest forms and only provide transportation to U.S. destinations to immigrants that would have been allowed to enter the country via other U.S. ports.
What’s in the Records?
A variety of records are included in this database, including manifests, Primary Inspection Memorandums, Records of Registry, and Land Border Departure Records. The depth of information collected in these records varies. Some manifests are rich in detail, while later manifests, including some created by airlines, will be leaner with many only containing a first initial and surname, along with the date of arrival and point of embarkation and disembarkation.
Many of the records are on Form 1-Canada, titled “List or Manifest of Alien Passengers Applying for Admission to the United States from Foreign Contiguous Territory” and will include full name, age (with columns for years and months), and gender; marital status; occupation; literacy; nationality, and race or people; last permanent residence (city or town and country); name and complete address of nearest relative or friend in country whence alien came; final destination and whether they had a ticket to their final destination; by whom the passage was paid; how much money was in their possession; whether ever in the U.S. prior to this trip and if so, where; whether going to join a relative or friend and if so, who (including name and complete address); causes for deportment (including mental and physical health conditions); physical description; and place of birth (city or town and country). Continue reading →